Glossary

 

Abrband–  manual  technique of making  tissues in Uzbekistan. This technique is well known in the world under Indonesian word “ikat”. This technology includes about 40 stages. The uniqueness of abrband  technique doesn`t allow to create two identical fabrics.

 

Abru bakhor– technique originated in Bukhara and translated as “spring clouds”. The essence is that drawing  creating through  mixing of different colors. As the result it is reached marble shades with smooth and at the same time unpredictable transitions from one color to another.  The sources tell that the backgrounds in abru bakhor technique were used as a base for the decrees of the emir of Bukhara and for the book covers. Over time abru bakhor was adopted by India, Iran and Turkey and became very popular to XV-XVII centuries.  An important role in saving and improving of the technique have played the artists of Uzbekistan and Turkey.

 

Adras– hand weaved fabric consisted 50% from silk and 50% from cotton. Adras gives cool in summer   and warmth in cold weather.

 

Afrosiab–  an ancient name of the north part of Samarkand, also well known as Marakanda.

 

Atlas– soft, close texture, silk fabric with smooth shiny surface.

 

Batik– technique of hand painting on tissue. From Indonesian  “batik” means  “to cover with drops”.

 

Bahmal–  hand weaved velvet fabric with silk nap, based on silk and cotton.

 

Bekasam-striped hand weaved fabric, made from cotton and silk. In old times used for the making men’s traditional coat “chapan” and wadding plankets.

 

Boz– light cotton fabric.

 

Chiffon– silk, thin and matte fabric.

 

Chapan– east coat, national  element of outer clothes in Uzbekistan.

 

Chizma or chikma –pottery drawing technique supposed a formation of the pattern on the wet clay. The difficulty of the process is in the skills of the craftsman  to create a pattern with mathematic   thoughtful in short gap of the  time while the clay is wet. 

 

Filigree–  jewelry  technique creating of  herbal or geometric lace pattern from thin wire.

 

Gaz– translucent, light, silk fabric.

 

Girikh-kind of the pattern in east art represented as geometric forms with crossing lines, knots and points

 

Iroki– technique of hand embroidery made by cross or half-cross stich with twisted thread. which makes the surface grainy.Composition in iroki technique fills with the pattern all working area not leaving even a piece of free tissue. Every stich so flawless what creates impression of the  print on the cloth.  Predominantly iroky is used by the masters of Shakhrizabs.

 

 Islimi–  kind of herbal pattern.  The distinctive feature of “islimi”  style in wood carving  is disposition of pattern above the background that looks like lace covering the thing.

 

Jiyak –kind of spindle belting, using for decorating of national clothes and head-dress.

 

Kandakori – kind of hand stamping with the deep relief. The depth of the  pattern is usually about 0,5 mm to 3 mm.

 

Karakul–  fur pulled off of lamb on third day after birth. Not dyed fur is usually black. Due to unique curls of the karakul fur all models are exclusives. The most precious karakuls are from Uzbekistan, Afghanistan and South Africa.

 

Karakulcha– is fur of the unburned lamb getting two weeks before it`s birth. Karakulcha differs from karakul with not totally formed curls and thin skin. Karakulcha is precious due to its unique silkiness and softness.

 

Kosa–  deep bowl without handles.  Traditionally it serves for hot light plats.

 

Krep– kind of silk fabric  made  from curled threads.

 

Laukh–  sliding wooden bookend. This complex design is made from a whole piece of wood, without nails and  glue.  Then more levels has lauk the more positions it can stand. Uzbekistan is the only place where lauks are made in such way.

 

Lagan –big plate with low borders traditionally used in Uzbekistan for serving hot meals.

 

Miniature- special kind of fine art presenting illustrations of historical war battles, hunting and feasts. The plots of miniatures are eloquent. In old days in the East the books and manuscripts as a rule illustrated by the miniatures.The only one illustration can tell the whole story. The father of Uzbek school of miniature is Kamoloddin Bekhzad.

 

Naboyki–  ancient technique of stamping of the herbal and geometric patterns on the fabrics with the carved wood forms.

 

Organza – is a transparent, thin and a little tight, weaved from the silk and viscose

 

Pargori– kind of relief carving . Pargori is based on the thin carving of the geometric net with  circles, squares and  triangles.

 

Piala–  small bowl without handles widening to the top. Piala is traditional kind of cup for the tea in the East.

 

Popop– machine technique of embroidery well known as a chain stich.

 

Simurg – fantastic bird in mythology of the people of Central Asia and Iran. Simurg is a symbol of justice and happiness. The image of Simurg is associated with the good patronage.

 

Shoyi–   thin, smooth hand weaved fabric from pure silk.

 

Skullcap– called in Uzbekistan “doppi” is a national headdress of square  or circle form, embroidered with national patterns

 

Sur– karakul fur with uneven coloring. The color of the fur is more light at the tip and more intense at the root.

 

Suzani– hand embroidered textile. Suzani is one of the most ancient crafts in Uzbekistan.

 

Tajin – ceramic bowl with thick bottom and conical cover.  The top of the cover rests colder than its lower part and it makes a meal tasty and healthy.

 

Tumor – an ancient shape of guarding amulet. As usual a pray sewed into the tumor.

 

Yurma – hand embroidery technique supposing creating of pattern with special hook.

 

Zarduzlik— embroidery with “gold” threads. From old time the center of gold embroidery was Bukhara. The most popular format – is embroidery on velvet of different colors. The embroidery is made with a help of thin and narrow golden stripe of metal which is tightly twisted on silk or paper thread, called “likak”.